If your credit score is below 600, traditional consolidation loans either won't be available or will come with interest rates so high that they don't actually help. But you still have options. They're just different from what people with good credit use.

Nonprofit debt management plans are the strongest option for people with bad credit. DMPs don't require a credit check because you're not borrowing new money. The credit counseling agency negotiates lower interest rates with your existing creditors. These negotiated rates (typically 6% to 9%) are often better than what even good-credit borrowers get on consolidation loans. Monthly fees run $7 to $75. Start with agencies accredited by the NFCC.

Credit union loans are worth exploring even with bad credit. Credit unions are member-owned and often more willing to work with borrowers who have lower scores, especially if you have an existing relationship. Some credit unions offer "credit builder" or "fresh start" loans specifically designed for members with damaged credit. Rates won't be great (15% to 18%), but they may still be better than your current card rates.

Secured loans use collateral (a car, savings account, or other asset) to back the loan. Because the lender has security, they're more willing to lend to people with poor credit. Rates are lower than unsecured options. But understand the risk: if you default, they take the collateral.

What to avoid: Payday loans, title loans, and any "guaranteed approval" consolidation offers. These are almost always predatory, with effective interest rates of 100% to 400% APR. They'll make your situation dramatically worse. Also avoid companies that charge large upfront fees before doing any work. That's a violation of FTC rules for debt relief companies and a major red flag.

If your credit is bad because you're already behind on payments, debt settlement or bankruptcy might be more appropriate than consolidation. A free consultation with a nonprofit credit counselor can help you sort out which path makes the most sense for your specific numbers.