Most nonprofit hospitals are required to offer financial assistance programs (often called charity care), and you can apply even after you've already received the bill. Under IRS rules, nonprofit hospitals must have a written Financial Assistance Policy, and they have to make reasonable efforts to inform patients about it before sending bills to collections.

Who qualifies: Each hospital sets its own income thresholds, but most cover patients earning up to 200% to 400% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). For a single person in 2025, 200% FPL is roughly $30,120 per year. At 400% FPL, that's about $60,240. A family of four at 200% FPL is around $62,400. Many hospitals offer a sliding scale, so even if you don't qualify for a full write-off, you might get a 25% to 75% reduction.

How to apply:

Step 1: Find the hospital's Financial Assistance Policy. It's usually on their website under "Billing" or "Patient Financial Services." If you can't find it, call the billing department and ask for it. They're legally required to provide it.

Step 2: Get the application. Most hospitals have a downloadable form. Some allow you to apply in person at the billing office. A few have started offering online applications.

Step 3: Gather your documentation. You'll typically need proof of income (recent pay stubs, tax return, or a letter from your employer), proof of household size, bank statements (sometimes), and a copy of the bill you're asking about.

Step 4: Submit and follow up. Processing takes 2 to 8 weeks at most hospitals. Call every 2 weeks to check on the status. While your application is pending, ask the hospital to put your account on hold so it doesn't go to collections.

Key tips:

You can apply after the fact. Even if you received the bill months ago, most hospitals accept financial assistance applications retroactively. Some have a time limit (often 240 days from the first billing statement), so don't wait too long.

Apply to each hospital separately. If you received care from multiple providers during a hospital visit (the hospital, the surgeon, the anesthesiologist), they may bill separately and each may have their own financial assistance program.

If you're denied, appeal. Ask why you were denied and whether there's an appeals process. Sometimes submitting additional documentation (like proof of other debts or expenses) can change the outcome.

For-profit hospitals aren't required to offer charity care, but many have hardship programs anyway. Always ask.